Chapter 7 Solution of the Partial Differential （第七章偏微分的解决方案）.pdf

Chapter 7 Solution of the Partial Differential Equations Classes of partial differential equations Systems described by the Poisson and Laplace equation Systems described by the diffusion equation Greens function, convolution, and superposition Greens function for the diffusion equation Similarity transformation Complex potential for irrotational flow Solution of hyperbolic systems Classes of partial differential equations The partial differential equations that arise in transport phenomena are usually the first order conservation equations or second order PDEs that are classified as elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic. A system of first order conservation equations is sometimes combined as a second order hyperbolic PDE. The student is encouraged to read R. Courant, Methods of Mathematical Physics, Volume II Partial Differential Equations, 1962 for a complete discussion. System of conservation laws. Denote the set of dependent variables (e.g., velocity, density, pressure, entropy, phase saturation, concentration) with the variable u and the set of independent variables as t and x, where x denotes the spatial coordinates. In the absence of body forces, viscosity, thermal conduction, diffusion, and dispersion, the conservation laws (accumulation plus divergence of the flux and gradient of a scalar) are of the form ∂g (u ) ∂g (u ) ∂f (u) ∂u ∂f ∂u +∇if (u ) + + ∂t ∂t ∂x ∂t ∂g ∂x where ∂f ⎡∂(g , g , g ) ⎤−1 ∂(f , f , , f ) ⎢ 1 2 n ⎥ 1 2 n , Jacobian matrix ∂g ∂(u ,u , ,u ) ∂(u ,u , ,u ) ⎣ 1 2 n ⎦ 1 2 n This is a system of first order quasilinear hyperbolic