Characterization of the effect of surface （对表面的影响）.pdf

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 45 (2006) 962–968 /locate/ijts Characterization of the effect of surface roughness and texture on fluid flow—past, present, and future ✩ James B. Taylor a,∗ , Andres L. Carrano b , Satish G. Kandlikar c a Industrial Systems Engineering, Micro Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 81 Lomb Memorial Dr., Rochester, NY 14623, USA b Industrial Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA c Mechanical Engineering, Micro Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA Received 10 September 2005; accepted 10 January 2006 Available online 13 February 2006 Abstract Surface roughness (texture) has an effect on fluid flow in networks which has been studied for well over a century. The exact effect roughness has on fluid flow has not been completely understood, but a working estimate has been offered by a variety of authors over time. The work of Colebrook, Nikuradse, and Moody has provided practitioners with a method to include at least a first order estimate of roughness effects, but their work has been limited to relative roughness (roughness height to diameter) values of 5% or less. Modern fluidic systems at the mini- and micro-levels routinely violate the 5% relative roughness threshold due to the inability to control the roughness of surfaces to sufficient levels with respect to decreasing system scale. Current work by Kandlikar et al., has extended the traditional methods of assessing surface roughness e