DC Motor Analysis PdMA（直流电机分析 PdMA）.pdf

DC MOTOR ANALYSIS TROUBLESHOOTING By Don Shaw Condition assessment of DC motors requires a basic understanding of the design and operating characteristics of the various types available: the series motor, the shunt motor, and the compound motor. Each type has unique operating characteristics and applications. These characteristics enable the operator to perform a wide variety of tasks. DC motor fault zone analysis is a vital part of any DC motor maintenance program. Visual inspec- tion and electrical testing of the armature and fields give the maintenance personnel an under- standing of the condition of the motor. Implementing a predictive maintenance program takes a PM program to the next level. We will review some case studies that will illustrate the utilization of an effective predictive program. Series DC Motor Components of a series motor include the armature, labeled A1 and A2, and the field, S1 and S2. The same current is impressed upon the armature and the series field. The coils in the series field are made of a few turns of large gauge wire, to facilitate large current flow. This provides high starting torque, approximately 2 ¼ times the rated load torque. Series motor armatures are usually lap wound. Lap windings are good for high current, low voltage applications because they have additional parallel paths for current flow. Series motors have very poor speed control, running slowly with heavy loads and quickly with light loads. A series motor should never drive machines with a belt. If the belt breaks, the load would be removed and cause the motor to overspeed and destroy itself in a matter of seconds. Common uses of the series motor include crane hoists, where large heavy loads will be raised and lowered and bridge and trolley drives on large overhead cranes. The series motor provides the starting torque required for moving large loads. Traction motors used to drive t