Cylinder Head Gaskets fmecat（汽缸垫圈 fmecat）.pdf

Cylinder Head Gasket Installation Federal-Mogul Document #1425 Cylinder head gaskets form the most critical seal on an engine - between the cylinder head and the engine block deck. The head gasket must seal combustion pressures up to 1,000 psi (689.5 kPa) in gasoline engines and 2,700 psi (1,862 kPa) in turbocharged diesel engines. In addition, the head gasket must withstand combustion temperatures that are in excess of 2,000°F (1,100°C). The head gasket also must seal coolant and hot, thin oil flowing under pressure between the block and head. Modern coolant formulas and oil detergents and additives tend to cling to surfaces and soak into gaskets. Gasket materials must be chosen carefully to resist these fluids and maintain an effective seal. Many head gasket coolant holes also meter the coolant flow to ensure proper circulation. Head gaskets must resist the forces that tend to scuff gasket surfaces and inhibit proper sealing. One factor is engine vibration and head shifting and flexing that result from combustion pressures. Another factor is the differing expansion rates of bi-metal (aluminum head and cast iron block) engines. Aluminum expands about twice as much as cast iron. The uneven expansion rates create a shearing action that the head gasket must accommodate. Head gaskets also must resist crushing from cylinder clamping forces that may be unevenly distributed across the head. These clamping forces run as high as 200,000 Ibs. (90,800 kg). Cylinder Head Gasket Designs Head gasket designs have changed over time, and in recent years are changing even faster. New engine designs and updates of venerable older engines require advanced materials and constructions. Some new gasket designs may even be applied to older engines, so the head gasket you are replacing can look different from the one you used the last time. There are two things you should remember when selecting a head gasket. First, choose a