Crystal Structure Iowa State University（晶体结构爱荷华州立大学）.pdf

Crystal Structure Metals-Ceramics Ashraf Bastawros \~bastaw\courses\Mate271.html Material Sciences and Engineering Week 3 MatE271 1 Ceramic Crystal Structures - Broader range of chemical composition than metals with more complicated structures - Contains at least 2 and often 3 or more atoms. - Usually compounds between metallic ions (e.g. Fe, Ni, Al) - called cations - and non-metallic ions (e.g. O, N, Cl) - called anions - Bonding will usually have some covalent character but is usually mostly ionic Material Sciences and Engineering MatE271 Week 3 2 Ceramic Crystal Structure o Still based on 14 Bravais lattices o Cation: Metal, positively charged, usually smaller o Anion : Usually O, C, or N, negative charge, usually larger. Material Sciences and Engineering MatE271 Week 3 3 How do Cations and Anions arrange themselves in space??? ï Structure is determined by two characteristics: 1. Electrical charge - Crystal (unit cell) must remain electrically neutral - Sum of cation and anion charges in cell is 0 2. Relative size of the ions Material Sciences and Engineering MatE271 Week 3 4 Ceramic Crystal Structures - The ratio of ionic radii (rcation /r anion ) dictates the coordination number of anions around each cation. - As the ratio gets larger (i.e. as rcation /r anion 1) the coordination number gets larger and larger. Material Sciences and Engineering MatE271 Week 3 5 Where do Cations and Anions fit ?