HANDOUT a. Retaining Walls assakkaf（施舍一个挡土墙 assakkaf）.pdf

REINFORCED CONCRETE Reinforced Concrete Design Fifth Edition HANDOUT A Fundamental Approach - Fifth Edition RETAINING WALLS • A. J. Clark School of Engineering •Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering By a SPRING 2004 Dr . Ibrahim. Assakkaf ENCE 454 – Design of Concrete Structures Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland, College Park HANDOUTa. RETAINING WALLS Slide No. 1 ENCE 454 ©Assakkaf Introduction Walls are generally used to provide lateral support for: – An earth fill – Embankment, or – Some other material to support vertical loads. Some of the more common types of walls are shown in Figure 1. One main purpose for these walls is to maintain a difference in elevation of the ground surface on each side of the wall. HANDOUTa. RETAINING WALLS Slide No. 2 ENCE 454 ©Assakkaf Figure 1 Common Types of Walls HANDOUTa. RETAINING WALLS Slide No. 3 ENCE 454 ©Assakkaf Introduction The earth whose ground surface is at the higher elevation is commonly called the backfill, and the wall is said to retain this backfill. All walls in Figure 1 have applications in either building or bridge projects. They do not necessarily behave in an identical manner under load, but sti