超超临界锅炉水冷壁开裂原因分析蔡晖1刘鸿国2洪道文2殷尊1.DOC

超超临界锅炉水冷壁开裂原因分析 蔡 晖1，刘鸿国2，2，1， 西安热工研究院有限公司，西安市，710032；2.华能玉环电厂，浙江省台州市，317604） 摘要：通对某超超临界锅炉在安装期间发现裂纹的水冷壁鳍片和管子进行化学成分、机械性能、示波冲击、显微硬度、金相组织、断口形貌试验等分析，得出鳍片部位存在折叠和微裂纹等轧制原始缺陷。诱发鳍片与管子焊接过程中产生裂纹并扩展的主要原因是鳍片硬度高、脆性大，而且存在原始缺陷；次因之一是鳍片与管子的焊接质量差、氧气切割时产生热应力，在切开的尖锐的直角缺口部位产生较大的应力集中，导致鳍片在缺口处开裂并扩展；次因之二是在吊装及运输过程中二次应力的作用下产生多次振动和冲击，在裂纹的启裂部位产生弯矩和扭矩，导致裂纹迅速开裂并扩展。 关键词：超超临界锅炉；水冷壁；鳍片；开裂；应力；材料试验 基金资助项目：中国华能集团公司科学技术项目（HNKJ07-G18）。doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2010.08.000Reason Analysis of the Water-wall Craze on Ultra-supercritical Boiler CAI Hui1，LIU Hong-guo2，2，1 （1．Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd.，Xi’an 710032，China； 2．Huaneng Yuhuan Power Plant，Taizhou 317604，Zhejiang Province，China） ABSTRACT： It was found that there were multiple cracks between rectangular fins and tubes of dry bottom hopper water wall, cracks up to 30mm during the installation of supercritical unit boiler in a 600 MW power plant. The cracking tubes and fins of dry bottom hopper water wall were studied by means of chemical composition, tensile, impact, hardness test, microstructure and fracture scanning electron microscope in this paper. The result indicated that the fold, micro crack and other rolling genetic defects so on exist in fin area, whose high hardness, brittleness, internal defects were induced in cracks and expands in the fin and tube welding process. The main cause of crack initiation was poor welding quality and high hardness difference between fin and tube. The thermal stress was generated when oxygen cutting, and particularly, a greater stress concentration in sharp right-angle gap site, which result in fin cracking and expansion. Meanwhile, under secondary stress in the lifting, handling and transporting process repeated vibration and impact were produced,and the moment and the torque were generated in crack initiation site, finally cause crack along the longitudinal direction near 45 ° and the rapid crack extension. KEYWORDS：ultra-supercritical boiler；water wall；rectangular fin；craze；stress；mate