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句子结构分析 1 For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell them how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grow up under more favorable circumstances. 例如，它们并不能弥补明显的社会不公，因此不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果生活在较好的环境中，会有多大才干． 2 This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见到的． 3 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 和过去一样，将来一定会出现新的思维形式以及行为对象，从而产生新的优雅的标准． 4 Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 很多哲学家认为，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分． 被动句的翻译 一,译成汉语主动句 (一)原文主语在译文中仍是主语 1 The whole country was armed in a few days 几天内全国武装起来了 2 The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他青少年时期留下的自卑感,还没有完全消除 3 The decision to with draw was not taken lightly. 撤退的决定不是轻易做出的. (二)原文中主语在译文中作宾语 1 By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by organization, but the cost of 200 French lives 战争结束时候,这个组织拯救了800人, 但是以200 名法国人的生命为代价的. 2 It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt. 如果人们不强烈感受到损失,那就奇怪了 二.译成汉语被动句 1 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现 2 I started to explain that I could not do my best since my spectacles have been taken away from me, but she wouldn’t let me finish. 我开始解释,我不可能干得很好,因为我的眼镜被拿走了.但她不准我讲完. 真题演练 1 The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明.而环境在塑造和维持个体行为中所起