和物动词和不和物动词.doc

及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分，实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。 及物动词和不及物动词，可以结合汉语来理解，及物动词都有动作的承受者。所有的及物动词都可以翻译成“被”字句型。例如：我打了他，I hit him,翻译成“被”字句型为：He was hit by me，他被我打了。不及物动词则不可以，如：他死了，He died. 此处died为不及物动词，则不可以说，He was died，他被死了。 1.及物动词 1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。可以用于：主＋谓＋宾；主＋谓＋双宾；主＋谓＋宾＋宾补结构。如： 单宾语 Hes reading a magazine. 他正在读一本杂志。 双宾语 Mr.Zhang teaches us English. 张老师教我们英语。 复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语 We often hear him sing in the park. 我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。 及物动词不必靠介词，就可以带宾语，如： John is giving a book to me. Who will answer this question? 如果无意中把介词加上，就错了，如： Who will answer to this question? 下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子，也犯了同样的错： We have many buyers awaiting for available units here. Awaiting是个及物动词，后面的介词for是多余的，要去掉；不然把awaiting改为waiting for也行。 许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面，然后才带出宾语。最常见的是emphasize/stress on/upon和discuss about，如： Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. In our education system, we stress upon examination results. World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems. 显然的，这三句里的介词on/upon和about是多余的，不必要的。 为什么会有这些错误呢？主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次，就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一，要把及物动词＋宾语和不及物动词＋介词＋宾语划分清楚，如： I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him. He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday. 第二，把及物动词转化为名词，然后加上适当的介词和宾语，如： Dont approach such a person. Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching? 有几个及物动词可以和许多名词一道表示动作，这类动词称为虚意动词（Delexical Verbs），最常见的是下面几个： have 可以跟： bath dance fear love run talk bathe discussion fight quarrel scence try celebration dislike interview read sleep walk chat dispute laugh respect smoke wash conversation dream lie rest success win cry drink look row(争吵) swim wish give 可以跟： account blow dry hint knock polish ring smile thought advice chuckle gasp hug laugh pull scream squeeze warning analysis clean giggle injection lecture punch shock start wash answer consent glance jump look push shout summary welcome approval consideration grin kick nod reading sigh support beating cry groan ki