28个国际音标辅音音素的分类及其练习.docVIP

辅音音素 1. 按声带是否振动可分为清辅音和浊辅音两类，其中有22个是成对出现的： (1) 清辅音：[p], [t ], [k], [f ], [θ], [s], [?], [t?], [tr ], [ts], [h] (2) 浊辅音：[b], [d], [g], [v], [e], [z], [?], [d?], [dr], [dz], [r] [m], [n], [?], [l], [w], [j] 按发音方法可以分为： (1) 爆破音：[p], [b], [t ], [d], [k], [g] 气流从口腔冲出，送气有力 (2) 摩擦音：[f ], [v], [θ], [e], [s], [z], [?], [?], [h], [r] 气流从发音器官的缝隙发生摩擦而发音 (3) 破擦音：[t?], [d?], [tr ], [dr], [ts], [dz] 是爆破音和摩擦音的结合 (4) 鼻辅音：[m], [n], [?] 气流从鼻腔通过 (5) 舌边音：[l] 气流从舌额两旁空隙处流过 (6) 半元音：[w], [j] 像元音一样，气流直接从口腔通过，但又像辅音一样，气流通过时与发音器官稍有摩擦。 (1)爆破音： ①发音秘诀：双唇紧闭，然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。 [p] pig pet plane apple happy [b] bank beef baby rabbit rubber 注意: b在字母m 后通常不发音。如： climb bomb thumb ②发音秘诀：舌尖紧贴上齿龈形成阻碍，然后突然放开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。 [t] time tea taxi better matter jumped booked [d] dog doctor daddy buddy opened played ③发音秘诀：舌后部抬起，紧贴软腭，形成阻碍，然后舌后部突然离开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破的声音。 [k] car cup can kind like clock neck quick quiet question [g] get give glad egg guess guest guide 摩擦音 ①发音秘诀：下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙间通过，引起摩擦成音。 [f] four fun family phone photo laugh tough giraffe [v] very video violin five love leave ②发音秘诀：舌端靠近上齿龈，气流由舌端与齿龈间泻出，形成摩擦音。 [s] sit sky city circle glass class face nice rice [z] zoo zero bags sisters nose rose ③发音秘诀：舌尖放在上下齿之间，气流由舌齿间的缝隙泻出，形成摩擦音。 [θ] thank think three mouth month thumb [e] this that these those they their father ④发音秘诀：双唇稍收圆并突出，舌尖上卷，接近上齿龈，形成狭长通道，气流由此通道通过，形成摩擦音。 [?] sure sugar supper she shop cash ocean machine [?] usual decision television pleasure treasure ⑤发音秘诀：舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起靠近（但不要贴住），舌前部下陷，略成凹形，舌身两侧收拢，双唇略突出，气流由舌面与硬腭间摩擦而出，声带振动。 [r] ready ride mirror carrot write wrong ⑥发音秘诀：嘴唇自然张开，呵气，声带不振动。 [h] he her here hurry home who whose 破擦音 ①发音秘诀：双唇微张并突出，舌尖顶住上齿龈，用力吐气。 [t?] chair cheap