第六微生物的生长及其控制108.pptVIP

A. Measuring of growth quantity（测生长量） Direct measuring (直接法) 1.volumetry 2. dry weight weighing Indirect measuring(间接法) 1. physiological index 生理指标法 nitrogen content indexes carbon content P, DNA, RNA, ATP, DAP, chitin etal. 2. turbidimetry (nephelometry)比浊法 turbidimetry 发酵罐 Psychrophiles such as Bacillus psychrophilus (嗜冷芽孢杆菌) are bacteria that have become adapted to living at temperatures as low as -10°C and have an optimum growth temperature around 20°C. Psychrophiles(嗜冷微生物) Mesophiles(嗜温微生物) are bacteria that grow at temperatures between 15°C and 45°C with an optimum around 37°C. Mesophiles(嗜温微生物) Eubacterial thermophiles typified by B. strearothermophilus (嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌)grow between 30°C and 75°C with an optimum of 55°C. thermophiles(嗜热微生物) There are also groups of archaebacteria that have been isolated from hot-air vents in the seabed(海底火山喷气口)which are capable of growth at temperatures greater than 100°C, termed hyperthermophiles(嗜高热微生物). hyperthermophiles(嗜高热微生物) Bacteria vary in their requirements for oxygen, depending on the nature of their metabolism .Aerobes are bacteria that are capable of growing in the presence of oxygen; anaerobes are bacteria that do not require oxygen for growth. Within this range are obligate anaerobes that die in the presence O2; facultative anaerobes such as E. coli which grow much better in the presence of O2, but can grow anaerobically; aerotolerant anaerobes that ignore the presence of O2 and grow equally well in its presence or absence; and microaerophilic bacteria that are damaged by normal atmospheric concentrations of 20% and only survive at much lower concentrations of O2. oxygen Obligate or strict aerobes Aerobes facultative anaerobes Microaerophilic bacteria Aerotolerent anaerobes An