在软饱和土城市隧道抗震性能.pdfVIP

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在软饱和土城市隧道抗震性能.pdf

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Available online at Available online at Procedia Engineering Procedia Engineering 00 (2011) 000–000 Procedia Engineering 14 (2011) 3069–3075 /locate/procedia The Twelfth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction The Seismic Behavior of Urban Tunnels in Soft Saturated Soils M.Azadiab Faculty of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch Abstract Damages of the life lines were observed first in Nigata earthquake (1964) and then in the Alaska earthquake. After that, discussion about the earthquake effects on the underground structures became an important issue. Therefore, several studies were carried out about dynamic analyses of the underground structures. In Kobe earthquake (1995), most of the devastations happened in several urban subway. Taiwan earthquake (1999) is one of the examples of damages of underground structures in which many tunnels in the city center were highly damaged. 1999 Earthquake in Turkey is another example of subway structure damage in which highway tunnels were damaged severely. Also, several reports exist about the damages of large underground structures. Tangshan earthquake in china (1976) and Loma prieta earthquake