四所综合医院自杀未遂者自杀意念特征.doc

四所综合医院自杀未遂者自杀意念特征[摘要] 目的 了解自杀未遂者有无自杀意念特点，为自杀未遂心理危机干预策略提供参考。方法 使用贝克自杀意念量表（BSS）和美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版病人版（DSM-Ⅳ）轴Ⅰ障碍临床定式检查为调查和诊断工具，对同一时段内在沈阳市4所三级综合医院急诊室诊治的自杀未遂者进行调查。结果 ①有无自杀意念两组在性别、年龄、受教育年限等方面无显著性差异（P＞0.05），但两组在这次最早出现伤害自己的想法到自伤所间隔时间、自伤最主要的目的、自杀当时想死程度、对这次自杀态度等方面存在显著差异（P＜0.01）。结论 有无自杀意念自杀未遂者的特征有明显不同。 [关键词] 自杀未遂； 自杀意念； 综合医院 [中图分类号] R195 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2011）24-27-02 The Characteristics of Suicidal Ideation Among Suicide Attempters of Four General Hospitals HOU Jinglin1 QIN Xiaoxia2 LI Haiyan2 CHEN Wei2 TAN Shanyong2 JIA Xiaoju2 WEI Shengnan2 1.Department of Psychology， Shenyang City Fourth People’s Hospital， Shenyang 110031， China；2.Department of Psychology， the First Hospital of China Medical University，Shenyang 110001，China [Abstract] Objective To have an understanding of the characteristics with or without suicidal ideation among suicide attempters as a first step in psychological crisis intervention strategies. Methods Suicide attempters of emergency department of 4 tertiary general hospitals in Shenyang during the same period were interviewed. They were assessed with questionnaires on Beck scale for suicide ideation（BSS） and diagnosed with a structured psychiatric examination based on DSM-Ⅳ criteria. Results There were no significant difference in sex，age，years of education between the two groups（P＞0.05）. However，there were significant differences in the interval they had considered this time suicide before acting，the main aim of the self-harm，the degree of thinking to die，the attitude to the suicide and so on between the two groups（P＜0.01）. Conclusion There are substantial differences between suicide attempters with and without suicidal ideation. [Key words] Suicide attempt；Suicidal ideation；General hospitals 自杀意念是自杀未遂和自杀死亡的主要危险因素之一[1，2]，是自杀死亡的强危险因素[3]。自杀意念指的是体验自杀行为动机而没有采取或没有实现此目的的外显行为[4]。自杀未遂指主动有意去伤害自己身体但未导致死亡的结局，包括决心结束自己的生命但未导致死亡和自杀意图不强而蓄意自伤两种情况[5]。根据调查自杀未遂患者自杀意念特点，对其实施适时而有效的救治措施，以便防止重复发生自我伤害行为。本调查对4所三级综合医院自杀未遂者自杀意念有无进行比较，了解其一般特征和精神障碍