新生儿疾病筛查中采血方法探析及体会.doc

新生儿疾病筛查中采血方法探析及体会[摘要] 目的：探讨新生儿疾病筛查中沐浴后采集新生儿足跟血的作用，并与不沐浴直接按摩足部采血比较。方法：选择2006年12月～2008年2月在产科足月分娩的212例新生儿，随机分为AB两组，Ａ组为沐浴后采血，Ｂ组为不沐浴但进行足部按摩后采血。结果：A组（沐浴后）采血成功率高于B组（不沐浴）。结论：通过新生儿沐浴可使其全身血液循环加快，末梢血管扩张，四肢温暖，新生儿沐浴后采血效果优于单纯足部按摩后采血，提高了一次采血成功率，减少了新生儿痛苦。 [关键词] 新生儿；疾病筛查；沐浴；血样采集；标本保存 [中图分类号] R473.72[文献标识码]C [文章编号]1673-7210（2008）10（a）-136-02 Research on the method of blood specimen collection to newborns for disease screening LI Fen (Maternal and Child Care Hospital of Yushui District, Xinyu338025, China) [Abstract] Objective: To discuss the function of collecting heel blood to newborns after bathing for disease screening, and compare the results of the experiments made on the newborns after bathing and those after massaging instead of bathing. Methods: Experimenting on the 212 full-term delivered newborns who were born during the period from December 2006 to February 2008 in our hospital. Divide the newborns into group A and group B randomly. Bathing the newborns in group A and massaging those in group B respectively before collecting blood. Results: The success rate of blood collection in group A is higher than that in group B. Conclusion: Bathing the newborns has the advantage of speeding up systemic blood circulation, expanding peripheral vascular and warming limbs; the effect of blood specimen collection to the newborns after bathing is superior to those without bathing; moreover, the success rate of one-time blood specimen collection is increased, and the pain of newborns is alleviated. [Key words] Newborn; Disease screening; Blood specimen collection; Specimen preservation 新生儿疾病筛查是指通过新生儿血液检查，对先天性甲状腺功能低下(CH)、苯丙酮尿症（PKU）及葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G-6-PD）缺陷等代谢性疾病（目前只做前2项）在未出现临床症状前进行筛查，使机体在受到损害之前就得到有效治疗，是预防儿童残疾的一项有效措施，对优生优育、提高出生人口素质具有深远意义。我院自开展新生儿疾病筛查活动以来，不断总结经验，力求提高一针采血成功率和标本合格率，取得了一些成果，现将采血方法和体会报道如下： 1资料与方法 1.1一般资料 将我院2006年12月～2008年2月母婴同室、体重≥2.5 kg的新生儿共212例随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组，其中，Ａ组122例在新生儿沐浴后采血，B组90例不沐浴但针刺前进行足部按摩。 1.2采血时间 要求新生儿出生72 h后，充分哺乳8～10次，以避免在哺乳前无蛋白质负荷情况下采血出现