ch01_1的.pdf

Operating Systems 第1章：操作系统引论 Introduction to OS (c) Dr. Hai Jin, 2009-2011. All rights reserved. Outline introduction 1.1 目标和作用 1.2 发展过程 1.3 基本特性 1.4 主要功能 1.5 结构设计 Operating Systems, Dr. Hai Jin | 2 What is an Operating System? A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware Operating system goals: Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier Make the computer system convenient to use Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner Operating Systems, Dr. Hai Jin | 3 Computer System Structure Computer system can be divided into four components: 1. Hardware – provides basic computing resources CPU, memory, I/O devices 2. Operating system Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users Operating Systems, Dr. Hai Jin | 4 3. Application programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games 4. Users People, machines, other computers Operating Systems, Dr. Hai Jin | 5 Four Components of a Computer System Operating Systems, Dr. Hai Jin | 6 Operating System Definition OS is a resource allocator Manages all resources Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use OS is a control program Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer