中国第一具仿真辐照体模研制和医学应用.docVIP

中国第一具仿真辐照体模研制与医学应用 林 大 全 提 要：本文简述1985年我国第一具仿真幅照体模的研制过程：形态相似性、材料组织等效性、结构仿真性的设计思路；用聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂（EVA）作基材，用有效原子序数法制作等效材料；用γ能谱法、CT法进行质量衰减系数、电子密度、有效原子序数的判别及分类，误差小于±5%，达到国际标准A级。临床监测表明：体模X-CT图像完整、体表散射、透过率、百分深度剂量曲线、器官吸收剂量与活体相比，误差小于±5%。1992年国际辐射单位与测量委员会（ICRU）48#报告命名为“成都剂量体模”是向世界推荐的最新剂量体模之一。 关键词：1. 仿真体模 2. 电离辐射 3. 剂量监测 Abstract: This paper recapitulates the course of research and production of the first Chinese Radioactive Anthropomorphic Phantom in 1985:the design theorem of body shape comparability, tissue radioactive equivalency and internal anthropomorphic structure; using Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) as the basis of material, making effective equivalent material according to mass attenuation coefficient; distinguishing and classifying its mass attenuation coefficient, mass density and effective atomic number of the material withγ-energy spectrum, computed tomography, and the equivalent error is less than 5%, and it attains to the international level. The clinical experiences shows: the CT diagram of this phantom is complete. Comparing this phantom with living body, the equivalent error on back scatter on the surface, perspective coefficient, percent depth dose diagram and organ absorbed dose is less than 5%. The Chengdu Dosimetric Phantom, as it has been named by the internationally authoritative body, the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), is one of the state-of-the-art dosimetric phantoms currently being globally promoted. Key words: 1. Anthropomorphic Phantom 2. Inenation Radiation 3. Dose Check 原子能事业的发展，给人类带来了巨大的裨益，而放射线可能引起的危害也日益引起人们的关注。为了保证职业人员和诊治患者的辐射安全，国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）提出的有效剂量当量（Effective Dose Equivaient）的概念，由体内组织器官吸收剂量权重计算来定量表征电离辐射随机效应对人体危害程度，医疗照射中提出了质量保证、质量控制（Quality Assurace and Quality contron）的要求。所以研究辐射场中人体各组织器官的剂量是辐射剂量学的重要任务之一[1,2]。 为确定辐射场中人体内剂量分布，60年代以来曾用Monte-Carlo方法，借助电子计算机进行“随机统计计算”，但现场多因素影响及不确定性难于获得可信的结果[3,4]。80年代，随着辐照体模技术长足的发展，用热释光剂量计（Thermoluninescence Dosimetry），驻极体探测器（Electret）、半导体探测器（Semi