苏菲世界.pptVIP

苏菲的世界;;内容简介; 《苏菲的世界》是一本充满智慧的奇书，因为作者实在是一位阐释与表现的高手，他居然让人像读侦探小说般地把个几千年的哲学史一口气读下去。他创造了两对人物：少女苏菲和她的哲学老师艾伯特；少女席德和她的父亲。然而这两对人物真真假假，虚虚实实，让你在扑朔迷离中跟着作者一路去思考“我们是谁”、“我们为何在这里”这些所谓形而上的问题。作者不仅是把前人的智慧摊在一张长餐桌上，让你一道道吃过去，而且让你在吃的时候，想着自己怎样去做一道菜。 ;书中的哲学家们;哲学观点解释;我是谁，世界从何而来的问题 ;It all sounds wonderful, but what actually happened? Was there a revolution? Yes and no. Today, economists can establish that Marx was mistaken on a number of vital issues, not least his analysis of the crises of capitalism. And he paid insufficient attention to the plundering of the natural environment--the serious consequences of which we are experiencing today. Nevertheless . . . Nevertheless? Marxism led to great upheavals. There is no doubt that socialism has largely succeeded in combating an inhumane society. In Europe, at any rate, we live in a society with more justice--and more solidarity--than Marx did. This is not least due to Marx himself and the entire socialist movement. What happened? After Marx, the socialist movement split into two main streams, Social Democracy and Leninism. Social Democracy, which has stood for a gradual and peaceful path in the direction of socialism, was Western Europes way. We might call this the slow revolution. Leninism, which retained Marxs beief that revolution was the only way to combat the old class society, had great influence in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa. Each in their own way, both movements have fought against hardship and oppression. But didnt it create a new form of oppression? For example in Russia and Eastern Europe? No doubt of that, and here again we see that everything man touches becomes a mixture of good and evil. On the other hand, it would be unreasonable to blame Marx for the negative factors in the so-called socialist countries fifty or a hundred years after his death. But maybe he had given too little thought to the people who would be the administrators of communist society. There will probably never be a promised land. Mankind will al