第3章二阶线性常微分方程837308727.pdf

Chapter 3 Ordinary Linear Differential Equations of Second Order §3.1 General Theory 3.1.1 The theorem of the existence and uniqueness of solutions 3.1.2 The structure of solutions of homogeneous equations 3.1.3 The solutions of inhomogeneous equations §3.2 Sturm-Liouville Eigenvalue Problem 3.2.1 The form of Sturm-Liouville equations 3.2.2 The boundary conditions of Sturm-Liouville equations 3.2.3 Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem §3.3 The Polynomial Solutions of Sturm-Liouville Equations 3.3.1Possible forms of kernel and weight functions 3.3.2The expresions in series and in derivative of the polynomials 3.3.3 Generating functions 3.3.4 The completeness theorem of orthogonal polynomials as Sturm-Liouville solutions §3.4 Equations and Functions that relate to the polynomial solutions 3.4.1 Laguerre functions 3.4.2 Legendre functions 3.4.3 Chebyshev functions 3.4.4 Hermite functions §3.6 Complex Function Theory of the Ordinary Differential Equations of Second Order 3.6.1 Solutions of homogeneous equations 3.6.2 Ordinary differential equations §3.7 Non-Self-Adjoint Ordinary Differential Equations of Second Order 3.7.1Adjoint equations of ordinary differential equations 3.7.2 Sturm-Lioubville operator 3.7.3 Complete set of non-self-adjoint ordinary differential equations of second order §3.8 The Conditions under Which Inhomogeneous Equations have Solutions Excercises §3.1 二阶线性常微分方程的一般理论 3.1.1 解的存在唯一性定理 物理问题经常在数学上表现为二阶微分方程，可以是常微分方程或者偏微分 方程.通常情况下，偏微分方程是通过分离变量法来分解为几个常微分方程的.因 而，解决常微分方程是解决偏微分方程的基础. 1 定义1 凡联系自变量x ，未知函数y 及其某些导数或微分的方程，称为常微 分方程，简称微分方程. 定义 2 微分方程中出现的未知函数的最高阶导数的阶数，称为微分方程的 阶. 定义 3 如果在微分方程中，未知函数及其所出现的导数都没有二次以上的 幂次，则称为线性微分方程，否则称为非线性微分方程. 在实际问题中，最常遇到的是二阶线性常微分方程.它的一般形状是   (3.1.1) y (x)  p(x) y (x