身体与性别研究从波伏娃与巴特勒对身体的论述谈起.pdfVIP

2010 年1 月 妇女研究论丛 Jan. 2010 第1 期总第97 期 Collection of Women ’s Studies No.1 Ser.No.97 身体与性别研究：从波伏娃与巴特勒对身体的论述谈起* 柯倩婷 （中山大学中文系，广东广州510275） 关键词：身体；社会性别；物质性 摘 要：本文分析了女性主义理论的两位重要的学者西蒙娜·德·波伏娃和朱迪斯·巴特勒对身体的论述。波伏娃把性别看 作是文化建构的结果，因而是可以改变的，她展望的妇女解放途径却是拒绝与超越女性的身体；巴特勒批评了波伏娃把身体看 作是被动、固定的观点，强调身体是文化铭刻的结果，有其不可化约的物质性，她在反省波伏娃的性别论述的基础上，提出了性 别操演的理论，指出身体、社会性别和欲望并非天生和谐一致，而是异性恋体制的规范化造成了和谐一致的假象。本文进一步思 考这两位学者的影响，并在身体与性别研究的脉络中梳理了女性主义和酷儿理论对这两个议题的关切、论争与研究进展。 中图分类号：C913.68 文献标识：A 文章编号：1004-2563（2010）01-0071-07 Body and Gender Studies: A Start from Beauvoir and Butlers Discussion of the Body KE Qian-ting (Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China) Keywords: body, gender, objectification Abstract: This paper reviews the discussions of the body by two important scholars in feminist theory: Simone de Beauvoir and Judith Butler. The former regards that sex is a result of social construct and it thus changes. She, however, refuses to envision womens libera- tion beyond womens body. Butler, on the other hand, criticizes Beauvoirs view of body as a passive and fixed entity and stresses that body is a result of cultural construct and therefore has an indispensable material base. Butler reflects upon Beauvoirs theory and raised the theory of performance of gender, pointing out that body, gender and desire are not in harmony by nature but a false impression of harmony as a result of regularization of heterosexuality. This paper reflects on the influence of the perspectives of the two theorists and develops a relationship between feminism and the queer theory on the concern, debates and progres