医学论文写作总结.pptVIP

论文摘要 (Abstract);;摘要的种类;1. 指示性摘要(Indicative abstract);;;2. 报道性摘要(Informative abstract);2. 报道性摘要(Informative abstract);报道性摘要分类;(1)非结构式摘要;1) 研究过程、结果加作者结论; Malignant Hypertension and Cigarette Smoking The smoking habits of 48 patients with malignant hypertension were compared with these of 92 consecutive patients with non-malignant hypertension. Thirty-three of the patients with malignant and 34 of the patients with non-malignant hypertension were smokers when first diagnosed. This difference was significant, and remained so when only men or black and white patients were considered separately. Results suggest that malignant hypertension is yet another disease related to cigarette smoking. ;1)研究过程、结果加作者结论 ;2)只叙述研究过程与结果 ;2)只叙述研究过程与结果 ;2)只叙述研究过程与结果 ;2)只叙述研究过程与结果 ;3)只叙述作者的结论;3)只叙述作者的结论;4)有的摘要还有加上开场白、对未来的展望等内容;(2) 结构式摘要;(2) 结构式摘要;1）半结构式摘要（Semi-structured abstract）;近年来英美医学期刊出现一种新的全结构式摘要，如《内科学年鉴》(Annals of Internal Medicine)、《英国医学杂志》(British Medical Journal, BMJ)、《美国医学协会杂志》(The Journal of the American Medical Association, JAMA)等。不同杂志要求的全结构式摘要的要素略有不同。;《内科学年鉴》(Annals of Internal Medicine)规定论著类论文的摘要包括以下其内容： 背景(context/background) 目的(objective) 设计(design) 范围(地点)(setting) 对象(patients/subjects/participants/samples) 处理（治疗）方法(interventions) 测定项目(measurements) 结果(results) 局限性(limitations) 结论(conclusions) ;《美国医学协会杂志》(The Journal of the American Medical Association, JAMA)在投稿须知中要求论文摘要包括以下其内容： Importance Objective Setting Participants Intervention(s) Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s) Results Conclusions and Relevance Trial Registration 有时可根据情况删除1-2项，或合并数项，但结果和结论是重点。;Context Experiments show that dental caries rates are higher among leadexposed animals, but this association has not been established in humans. Objective To examine the relationship between blood lead levels and dental caries. Design Cross-sectional survey conducted from 1988 to 1994 that included a dental examination and venipuncture blood lead assay. Setting and Participants A total of 24,901 person