铬渣无害化处理技术.docVIP

铬渣无害化处理技术 摘要 铬是一种银白色的坚硬金属，比铁稍轻，有三价和六价化合物。有铬的化合物都有毒性，其中六价铬的毒性最大。铬渣是在生产金属铬和铬盐过程中产生的工业废渣，是一种毒性较强的危险废物。 铬渣的化学成分为:二氧化硅占4～30％，三氧化二铝占5～10％，氧化钙占26～44％，氧化镁占8～36%,三氧化二铁占2～11%，六氧化二铬(Cr2O6)占0.6～0.8％和重铬酸钠(Na2Cr2O7)占1％左右等。铬渣所含的主要矿物有方镁石(MgO)、硅酸钙（2CaO·SiO2）、布氏石(4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3)和1～10％的残余铬铁矿等。 通常铬渣露天堆放，受雨雪淋浸，所含的六价铬就会被溶出渗入地下水或进入河流、湖泊中，污染环境。严重污染带内水中六价铬含量可高达每升数十毫克，超过饮用水标准若干倍。六价铬、铬化合物以及铬化合物气溶胶等，能以多种形式危害人畜健康。 造成铬污染事件的原因有很多，主要有环保意识淡薄，对铬渣的危害认识不足，不经处理随地堆放，导致地下水受到污染，雨季来临时，铬渣的浸出液体便随着雨水进入河流，又使地表水受到严重污染。目前我国对铬的环境接触还没有详细的研究，从上世纪70年代以来到现在，我国关于铬的环境污染与人体健康关系的文献也只有寥寥数篇。 因此，铬渣的无害化处理和利用便成了当前一个逼在眉睫的重大课题，铬盐行业以及那些生产过程中产出铬渣的企业在这方面更应该责无旁贷。 关键词：铬渣 无害化处理 铬污染 六价铬 铬盐 Chromium is a hard silver-white metal, slightly lighter than iron, a trivalent and hexavalent compounds.With chromium compounds are toxic, including the most toxic hexavalent chromium.Chromium slag in the production of chromium metal and chromium salts of industrial waste generated in the process, is a toxic hazardous waste. The chemical composition of chromium residue:, 4 ~ 30% silica, aluminum oxide accounts for 5 to 10% calcium oxide accounts for 26 ~ 44%, accounting for 8 to 36% magnesium oxide, ferric oxide accounts for 2 to 11%, six of chromium oxide (Cr2O6) 0.6 ~ 0.8% and sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) accounted for about 1% and so on.The main mineral Chromium well-contained in magnesia (MgO), calcium (2CaO · SiO2), Brandt Stone (4CaO · Al2O3 · Fe2O3) and 1 ~ 10% residual chromite and so on. Chromium is usually open dumps, leaching by rain and snow, will be contained in the dissolution of hexavalent chromium into the groundwater or into rivers, lakes, pollute the environment.Seriously polluted with hexavalent chromium content in the water up to tens of milligrams per liter, exceeding drinking water standards for a number of times.Hexavalent chromium, chromium compounds and chromium compounds, aerosols, etc., can harm human and animal health in many forms. Chromium pollution