基于ERDAS实现对黄河源区湿地生态类型识别.doc

基于ERDAS实现对黄河源区湿地生态类型识别 摘要：黄河源区湿地是一个极其敏感和脆弱的生态系统，生物物种丰富，一旦破坏难以恢复。湿地不仅对源区本身起着调节温度、涵养水源的作用，还为野生动物提供食物和繁殖的场所。本文尝试基于NDVI、TM4、缨帽变换湿度分量进行密度分割和基于LBV变换图像进行分类的方法达到识别黄河河源湿地生态类型的研究目标。 关键词：黄河源；湿地；LBV变换；密度分割；图像分类 Abstract The wet lands located at the source of Yellow River are an extremely sensitive and weak ecosystem with abundant biodiversity. If destroyed, it will be quite hard to restore. The wet lands not only have the function of adjusting the temperature and preserving the water ,but also have the function of supplying the food and habitat to wild animals. This article attempts to attain the research goal that is identifying the ecotypes of wet lands located at the source of Yellow River on the basis of the operation of slicing which was imposed on NDVI 、TM4 and the wetness component derived from the Tasseled cap transform and the operation of classification which was implemented based on the characteristic images coming from LBV transform. Key words: The source of Yellow River, wet land, LBV transform, density slice, Classification 目 录 摘 要 1.前言…………………………………………………………………………………………1 2.黄河源区湿地的概况……………………………………………………………………1 2.1黄河源区构造成因及地貌特点………………………………………………………1 2.2黄河源区的湿地生态环境……………………………………………………………2 2.3黄河源区对源区本身及黄河流域生态环境的影响…………………………………2 3.黄河源区湿地生态影像特征选择提取的技术支持…………………………3 3.1遥感数据源……………………………………………………………………………3 3.2黄河源区湿地制图的数据选择及其结合方式………………………………………5 4.通过密度分割识别湿地生态类型……………………………………………………5 4.1基于NDVI灰度图像识别湿地植被生态类型…………………………………………6 4.2基于TM4灰度图像识别湿地水体生态类型…………………………………………7 4.3基于缨帽变换湿度特征量区分干燥地表与湿润地表………………………………9 5.通过图像分类实现湿地生态类型的识别…………………………………………10 5.1监督分类的概念………………………………………………………………………10 5.2训练样本的选择及评价………………………………………………………………11 5.3分类算法………………………………………………………………………………12 5.4 LBV变换………………………………………………………………………………12 5.5分类结果………………………………………………………………………………16 6.结语…………………………………………………………………………………………17 附录……………………………………………………………………………………………18 致 谢…………………………………………………………………………………………19 参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………20 1.前言 湿地对健康环境有着多方面的贡献。湿地在维护物种多样性方面具有重要性，首先，湿地在旱期会保持水分，使潜水位保持一定的高度和相对的稳定。在