关系嵌入与低端道路产业集群升级困境生产性服务业问题.doc

关系嵌入与低端道路产业集群升级困境： 生产性服务业问题 摘 要：块状经济是浙江的特色和优势，但大部分块状经济由于长期锁定在低端道路而日益面临着国际、国内政策、环境、贸易的巨大压力以及产业升级发展困境。本文从关系嵌入的视角破解浙江块状经济锁定低端道路的困境，认为依附社会网络的关系资产专用性过度嵌入、边际技术替代率低级化嵌入、短距离交易低度嵌入的专业市场是低端道路锁定、企业核心竞争力僵化的内核。本论文认为应实施产业集群政策把生产性服务业作为桥接地区生产系统与全球生产系统并实现地方产业集群升级转型的发展战略，以破解当前浙江块状经济发展低端道路锁定。 关键字：浙江块状经济 低端道路 集群升级 关系嵌入 生产性服务业 Relational embeddedness and low-road industrial cluster: The problem of Producer Service 1Yangrui 2Tong yaping3Jiang yiyi 1IRG, Academy for Economic Construction Programming of Ningbo Municipality, 315000 2Ningbo International Investment Consulting Co. Ltd., Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000 3 HR Generalist, BorgWarner (Ningbo) Corp. Zhejiang Ningbo, 31500 ABSTARCT Mosaic economics are the zhejiang’s characteristic and advantage, they are, however, facing increasingly enormous pressures from international and domestical policies, environments and trading, industry upgrade as well, because of locking in the low-road for a long time. The paper approaches the predicament from the relational embeddedness, and concludes that over-embeddedness of tie-specifically asset based on the special social network, marginal technology substitute rate (MRTS) over-low-grade embeddedness, and arm’s length ties’ specialized markets are the key factors which lock in the cluster’s upgrade. Finally, the paper proposes to implement industrial policy to encourage the producer service industry to be a bridge between local production system and the world production system and development strategy to realize local industry cluster transition and upgrade. Key words: mosaic economics of zhejiang, low-road, cluster upgrade, relational embeddedness, Producer Service 1．引言 产业集群是一群地理邻近而且相互联系的企业和相关机构。围绕核心的经济活动，群内的企业有投入产出联系和社会网络联系。产业集群的优势体现在特定地理区域内的分工合作所带来的综合交易成本的降低、以及伴随的通过网络互动学习，创新过程创新能力的增强[]从而增加整个产业群的整体竞争优势。低端道路和基于低成本的集群，其参与竞争的基础是低成本，以廉价的劳动力、低层次的生产工艺输出低端的产品，这类集群在发展中如果仅仅依赖地方化的知识可能因集群被长期锁定在既有知识或技术轨迹里而导致集群的退化。长三角经济在很大程度上依旧徘徊在全球价值链的低端长三角地区许多以高度专业化和价格竞争为利器的产业集群已经进入低谷和调整期，有的产业集群甚至难以为继。浙江的块状经济与产业集群不是等同的[]在浙江省的个县