空间天气及其对人类活动的影响.PDFVIP

空间天⽓及其对⼈类活动的影响 符慧⼭ 北京航空航天⼤学 太阳上出现的耀斑和日冕物质抛射等剧烈活动，给地球磁层 ，电离层和 中⾼层⼤⽓，卫星运⾏和安全 ，以及⼈类的健康带来了严重影响和危害。 我们把这类由太阳活动引起的短时间尺度的变化 ，称之为空间天⽓ 。空间 天⽓与日常所讲的天⽓有很⼤不同。 日常所讲的天⽓是指发⽣在对流层内、 影响⼈类⽣产和⽣活的中性⼤⽓物理过程和物理状态 ，例如阴 、 晴、 雨、 雪、冷、暖、⼲、湿等。⽽空间天⽓则是发⽣在距离地面30公里以上 ，涉 及等离⼦、磁场和辐射的⼀系列物理现象 。常见的空间天⽓现象有磁暴、 磁层亚暴、环电流、范阿伦辐射带、 电离层扰动和闪烁、极光等。研究空 间天⽓对⼈类的太空探索活动以及发展国民经济非常重要。 Space weather and its effects on human activities Huishan Fu Beihang University The explosive processes occurring in the solar corona such as solar flares and corona mass ejection can significantly affect the Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, the spacecraft lifetime, and also our human being’s health. Such solar- induced transient phenomena are termed “space weather”. The “space weather” is quite different from “conventional weather”, which means a series of atmospheric processes and physical states existing in the troposphere such as cloudy, sunny, rainy, snowy, cold, warm, droughty, wet, etc. The “space weather”, however, means a series of magnetic field and plasma processes occurring in the region with distance 30 km to the Earth surface. Usually, the “space weather” include magnetic storms, magnetospheric substorms, ring currents, the Van-Allen radiation belts, ionospheric scintillation, auroral, etc. Investigating the “space weather” is very useful to human being’s space activity as well as the development of the national economy.