AN EXPLANATION OF JOINT DIAGRAMS （共同的解释图）.pdf

AN EXPLANATION OF JOINT DIAGRAMS load must then be applied to the bolt. If the external load is alternating, the increased stress levels on the bolt pro- When bolted joints are subjected to external tensile duce a greatly shortened fatigue life. loads, what forces and elastic deformation really exist? The majority of engineers in both the fastener manufac- When seating requires a certain minimum force or turing and user industries still are uncertain. Several when transverse loads are to be transformed by friction, papers, articles, and books, reflecting various stages of the minimum clamping load FJ min is important. research into the problem have been published and the FJ min = FB max – Fe volume of this material is one reason for confusion. The purpose of this article is to clarify the various explanations that have been offered and to state the fundamental concepts which apply to forces and elastic deformations in concentrically loaded joints. The article concludes with general design formulae that take into account variations in tightening, preload loss during service, and the relation between preloads, external loads and bolt loads. The Joint Diagram Forces less than proof load cause elastic strains. Conversely, changes in elastic strains produce force variations. For bolted joints this concept is usually demonstrated by joint diagrams. The most important deformations within a joint are Fig. 1 (above) Joint elastic bolt elongation and elastic joint