Band Gap Opening of Graphene by Noncovalent （石墨烯的带隙开共价的）.pdf

Graphene, 2013, 2, 102-108 /10.4236/graphene.2013.23015 Published Online July 2013 (/journal/graphene) Band Gap Opening of Graphene by Noncovalent π-π Interaction with Porphyrins Arramel1*, Andres Castellanos-Gomez1,2, Bart Jan van Wees1 1Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands 2Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands * Email: arramel0780@ Received May 12, 2013; revised June 18, 2013; accepted July 5, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Arramel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Graphene has been recognized as a promising 2D material with many new properties. However, pristine graphene is gapless which hinders its direct application towards graphene-based semiconducting devices. Recently, various ways have been proposed to overcome this problem. In this study, we report a robust method to open a gap in graphene via noncovalent functionalization with porphyrin molecules. Two type of porphyrins, namely, iron protoporphyrin (FePP) and zinc protoporphryin (ZnPP) were independently physisorbed on graphene grown on nickel by chemical vapour de- position (CVD) resulting in a bandgap opening in graphene. Using a statistical analysis of scanning tunneling spectros- copy (STS) measurements, we demonstrated that the magnitude of the band gap depends on the type of deposited por- phyrin molecule.The π-π stacking of FePP on graphe