Brunnstrom Approach kau（Brunnstrom方法考）.pdf

Dr. Enas Elsayed Brunnstrom Approach Learning Objectives: By the end of this lab, the student will be able to: 1. Demonstrate different reflexes including stimulus and muscle tone response. 2. Demonstrate how to evoke associated reactions in both upper and lower extremities. 3. Perform sensory evaluation according to Brunnstrom technique. 4. Describe the characteristics of each motor stage. 5. Apply speed test. 6. Evaluate practically basic limb synergies. 7. Describe practically different exercises based on treatment principles of Brunnstrom. Brunnstrom, a physical therapist, was particularly concerned with the problems of patients with hemiplegia. The basic premises of this approach are: In normal persons, spinal cord and brain stem reflexes become modified during development and their components rearranged into purposeful movement by the influence of higher centers. Since reflexes represent normal stages of development, they can be used when the CNS has reverted to an earlier developmental stage as in hemiplegia. Also, she believed that no reasonable training method should be left untried. Moreover, the sub-cortical motion synergy, which can be elicited on a reflex basis, may serve as a wedge by which the limited willed movement may be learned. Therefore: (1) Reflexes should be used to elicit movement when none exists (normal developmental sequence). (2) Proprioceptive and extroceptive stimuli also can be used therapeutically to evoke desired motion or tonal changes.