CHAPTER 19 ELECTROCHEMISTRY（章19 电化学）.doc

CHAPTER 18 - ELECTROCHEMISTRY Electrochemistry - a branch of chemistry that deals with the exploitation of spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions to obtain electrical energy and the use of electrical energy to drive nonspontaneous reactions important in industrial extraction of certain elements. What you will be learning in this chapter? Draw diagrams representing electrochemical cell and write the cell notation; Know what reaction is taking place at the anode and cathode; Write equations for anode and cathode half-reactions, and for the overall cell reaction; Calculate standard cell potentials, Eocell, from half-cell potentials, Eo; Calculate nonstandard cell potentials, Ecell, using the Nernst equation; Calculate equilibrium constant (Kc) and standard free energy, ?Go, from Eocell. Know the different types of electrochemical cells and the difference between an electrochemical cells and an electrolytic cells; Know some important applications of electrochemical and electrolytic processes. Calculate amounts of products formed during electrolysis at anode and cathode. 18.1 Galvanic Cells A galvanic cell (also called voltaic cell) is a device that uses a spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction to produce electric current. The following are some examples of spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions: 1. ME: Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ( Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq) nie: Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) ( Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq) 2. ME: Cr(s) + 3AgNO3(aq) ( Cr(NO3)3(aq) + 3Ag(s) nie: Cr(s) + 3Ag+(aq) ( Cr3+(aq) + 3Ag(s) 3. nie: MnO4-(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) + 8H+(aq) ( Mn2+(aq) + 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l) 4. ME: Zn(s) + 2MnO2(s) ( ZnO(s) + Mn2O3(s) Redox reactions can be broken into two half-reactions: Example-1: Oxidation half-reaction: Zn(s) ( Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Reduction half-reaction: Cu2+(aq) + 2 e- ( Cu(s) ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( Overall reaction: Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) ( Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq) ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( Example-2 Oxidation half-reaction: 5Fe