Chapter4( (MuscularStrength( and(Endurance（第4章((MuscularStrength(和(耐力）.pdf

Chapter 4 Muscular Strength and Endurance KIN 217 Functions of Muscle Tissues •  Functions: provide stability and postural tone, allow purposeful movement, heat production. •  Muscle mass constitutes: 40-50% of body weight •  Heat loss: related to square area of skin /volume of mass ratio •  Muscles are conductors •  Respond to electrical stimulation by contracting “Muscle are shortens actively, can not lengthens actively ” Muscular Strength and Endurance •  Well-developed muscles can assist with: •  Daily routines •  Protection from injury •  Enhancement of your overall well-being •  Muscular strength: is the amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort •  Muscular endurance: is the ability to resist fatigue while holding or repeating a muscular contraction Skeletal Muscle Tissue •  Muscles consist of individual muscle fibers (cells) connected in bundles •  Muscle fibers are made up of smaller protein structures called myofibrils Hypertrophy Increase in size of muscle fibers (diameter) due to: •  ↑ number of myofibrils per fiber    ↑ contractile protein (actin and myosin)    ↑ amounts connective tissue Strength of muscle directly related to its cross-sectional area (CSA) h t g n e r t S 2 CSA (cm ) Hyperplasia 1.  Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of muscle fibers 2.  Fiber splitting 3.  Evidence in animals 4.  Increased CSA