COCONUT Food and Agriculture Organization（椰子粮食和农业组织）.pdf

COCONUT Post-harvest Operations - Post-harvest Compendium COCONUT: Post-harvest Operations Organisation: Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC) .sg Author: P.G.Punchihewa and R.N. Arancon Edited by AGSI/FAO: Danilo Mejia (Technical), Beverly Lewis (Language Style), Last reviewed: 14/10/1999 Contents 1. Introduction2 1.1 Economic and Social Impact of Coconut2 1.2 World Trade5 1.3 Primary Products6 1.4 Secondary and derived product 12 1.5 Requirements for Export and Quality Assurance 22 2. Post-Production Operations 24 2.1 Pre-Harvest Operations 24 2.2 Harvesting 24 2.3 Copra Processing 27 2.4 Drying 28 3. Overall Losses33 4. Economic and Social Considerations34 5. References 35 6. Annex 37 6.1 List of Tables 37 6.2 List of Figures 37 1. Introduction In beauty and utility no other tree can surpass the coconut tree. It is the most extensively grown nut in the world, the most important palm. It provides people basic needs such as food, drink, shelter, fuel, furniture, medicine, decorative materials and much more. They are a necessity and a luxury. It is the heavenly tree, tree of life, tree of abundance and natures supermarket. 1.1 Economic and Social Impact of Coconut Total world coconut area in 1996 was estimated at 11 million hectares and around 93 percent is found in the Asian and Pacific region. The two biggest producers Indonesia and the Philippines have about 3.7 million ha and 3.1 million ha respectively. India is the third largest producer. In the South Pacific countries, Papua New Guinea is the leading producer. In Africa, Tanzania is the largest producer while in Latin America Brazil accounts for more than one half of the total coconut area of that region. (See Table 1.). Table 1. WORLD: Area of Coconut 1992-1996 (In 1000 Ha) C o u n t r y 1992 1993 1994