Concrete Vibration Handbook CESSCO Inc.（混凝土振动手册CESSCO公司。）.pdf

Concrete Vibration Concrete Vibration Handbook Handbook Concrete Vibration Concrete Vibration Handbook Handbook Concrete is the combination of four basic components: water, cement, sand (small aggregate) and rock (large aggregate). When mixed together, hydration, or curing, occurs, where the cement paste acts as a glue binding all the surrounding aggregates. Cement Aggregates Pound-for-pound this is the most expensive Aggregates consist of small particles, such as ingredient in concrete. Several types of cement are rocks and stones, which are divided into two available to meet different construction criteria. grades, fine and coarse, and comprise the largest volume of concrete ingredients (typically 70%). Water content—curing The amount of cement used over a given area depends on aggregate size — the finer the aggre- In order to begin the hydration process, water is gate, the larger the surface area. Also, the shape needed to act as a catalyst. Water content will of the aggregate affects the amount of vibration determine the strength, workability and required, since rough aggregate shapes hold placeability of the mix. An increase in water more air than smooth. content will improve the concrete’s workability but will decrease its ultimate strength and durabil- Vibration (Consolidation) ity. For example, a standard mix with four gallons of water per bag of cement, or 0.36 W/C ratio Right after placement, concrete contains up to (water-to-cement ratio), yields a compressive 20% entrapped air. The amount varies according strength of about 6,300 lbs. to the type of mix and its Five gallons, o