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Corrosion, Fundamentals part drhamednagy（腐蚀,基础部分drhamednagy）
WELD-INSPECTA CO. Corrosion Part 1 Dr. Eng. Hamid A. Nagy Corrosion Driving force Every Process to take place, we should have some driving force. The driving force depends on the energy of the first state and that of the final state. Driving force Thermodynamics Every material has two sources of its energy Heat content, Enthalpy Content depending on its randomness, Entropy. We can not measure this energy directly. So we have a reference zero value which is the hydrogen molecule formation. Thermodynamics Now consider the transfer of a metal from state A to state B. This can only be done if the state A has higher energy than state B. DGA DGB DG is the free energy of material state. Thermodynamics Now consider the reaction between two materials a and B to produce C. The same law applies. DGA + DGB DGC For the reaction to proceed in the direction A + B → C And vice versa. Effect of Concentration Consider the following Reaction M++ + 2e → M As the M ions concentration increases the reaction tends to go the left. Oxidation reaction increases. More anodic tendency. Potential decreases. Kinetics Rate of reaction depends on what is called mechanism. There should be some energy done to activate the first stage. This is called the energy barrier. This energy barrier could be high or low depending on the mechanism. Kinetics Overcoming energy barrier may consist of several steps. The rate of occurrence of this reaction depends on the interaction of steps to overcome energy barrier. There is usually what is called rate determining step. Determining the rate of the reaction is what is called KINETICS. Metals Corrosion is a chemical reaction. What is considered in corrosion? Feasibility. Rate. The answer is both. You can even protect metals if you impair the feasibility or slow down the rate. Metals Now consider the structure of metal atoms and their mutual relation. Metal atoms have some free electrons. In the matrix of metals, free electrons do not relate specifically to a
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