Design of Closedloop Fumigation Systems for （设计的闭环熏蒸系统）.pdfVIP

Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service BAE-1111 Design of Closed-loop Fumigation Systems for Grain Storage Structures Carol Jones Assistant Professor, Stored Products Engineering Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: James Hardin Research Engineer Edmond Bonjour Extension Entomologist, Stored Products Effective control of insects in stored grain with phosphine requires exposing the insects to the appropriate concentra- tion of fumigant for the correct amount of time. For wheat in Oklahoma, it is recommended that a phosphine concentration of at least 200 parts per million be maintained for 100 hours to kill all life stages of insects. Research has shown that in many applications, the fumigant is not evenly distributed and some parts of the grain bin receive less than the lethal dosage. This leads to ineffective fumigations and can also promote development of phosphine resistance in insects over time. Phosphine gas tends to naturally diffuse through a grain bin, although several factors can lead to uneven distribution: • Leaks allow phosphine out and fresh air in. • Foreign material in grain can restrict fumigant movement to some areas of the bin. • Large spaces require more time for fumigant to diffuse throughout the bin. Low temperatures slow phosphine release and diffusion rates. Figure 1. CLF system on a typical round grain bin. Arrows