DETERMINE AVERAGE AIR VELOCITY OR VOLUME（确定平均气流速度或者体积）.pdfVIP

TRAVERSING A DUCT TO DETERMINE AVERAGE AIR VELOCITY OR VOLUME APPLICATION NOTE AF- 106 (A4) The following techniques can be used to measure air flow inside ducts, using a velocity probe or pitot-static tube. When using a pitot-static tube the individual velocitys must be calculated for each pressure reading, then averaged together. Averaging pressure with a pitot tube and then converting into velocity will give an incorrect result, especially if many readings are more than ±25% from the average pressure. Remember that for a pitot tube, velocity is proportional to the square root of pressure. Where to Take the Measurement In order to make air velocity measurements in a duct, it is best to measure at least 7.5 duct diameters downstream and at least 3 duct diameters upstream from any turns or flow obstructions. It is possible to do a traverse as little as 2 duct diameters downstream and 1 duct diameter upstream from obstructions, but measurement accuracy will be impaired. When measuring rectangular ducts, use this formula to find the equivalent diameter of the duct when calculating how much distance is 7.5 diameters downstream and 3 diameters upstream: Equivalent Diameter = sq root of 4HV / Pi Where: H = horizontal duct dimension V = vertical duct dimension Pi = 3.14 It is also possible to take a single reading to measure air velocity or air volume flow in a duct, measuring in the center of the duct and multiplying the reading by 0.9 to correct for the higher velocity at the center of the duct. If conditions are very good an accuracy of ±5 or ±10 percent may be obtained this way. This method is not reliable, however, and should only be used where small duct size or other conditions do not permit a full traverse. Traversing a Round Duct Using the log-Tchebycheff method, the duct is divided