第十二章旋转.ppt

The Mathematical Description of Spin Wave Function with Spin The Pauli Equation ;The doublet splitting of sodium atom. The transition of valence electron from the first excited state to the ground state (2p?2s) lead to two adjacent spectral lines of 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm.;The magnitude of the magnetic moment of the electron caused by the orbital motion, ;Spin is an angular momentum, and its description is analogous to the orbital angular momentum. Its three components are ;We introduce Pauli matrices , and define them in the following ;Since the unit matrix unchanged when the representation changes, so;According to;The Pauli matrices are anticommuting (反对易).;So ;Using the relation of;The total spin is;Example 1: In the presentation ?z , solve the eigenfunction and eigenvalue of ? x.;namely ;When ? = -1, a = -b. According to the condition of normalization, we get the eigenfunction ;Example 2：set operator A commutes with Pauli matrix ?, prove the following expression;So ;Therefore we obtain;Example 3 spin angular momentum projects (投影) of an electron in the direction of (sin?cos?, sin?sin?, cos?) is ;So ;Set the corresponding eigenfunction is ;When;Since the spin component Sz can take only two values, namely Sz＝±?? ;χ± indicate only the state of the spin, namely, “spin up” or “spin down”.;In the absence of spin, the Hamiltonian for the motion of an electron in an electromagnetic field can be written;The potential in magnetic field is ;4. The simple Zeeman effect;Set ;Where ?L is the Larmor frequency, ;According to the following equations ;Example: Only considering spinor motion, set an electron is in magnetic field B(0, B, 0). When t= 0, the electron is in the state of “spin up”, namely, its spinor wave function is ;Solution: (1) In the case of only considering spinor motion, Schrodinger equation satisfies;After the above differential equation are solved, we get;According to the initial condition, ;“Spin up”;（3）;1. Set operators A and B commute wi