二战后英国经济.pptVIP

3） During the 2nd World War and post-war era, the UK had experienced an economic decline since 1945. This is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. Actually Britain was more wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly , people have such an impression. A. It has dropped from being the 2nd largest economy to being the 6th. This causes relative declines after the 2nd World War : B. Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the 2nd World War. During the war, it sold many of its accumulated overseas assets (长期积累的海外资产，英国在历史上有很多海外殖民地)and borrowed large amount from U.S. and Canada.;C. British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained Independence one after another. D. Britain was heavily burdened with the huge military expenditure during the process of decolonization. E. Britain also lacked the investment in modern equipment and new products, and low output in old industries. F. long-standing economic problem ----- a lack of close relationship between bank and industries. 所谓Absolute Decline and Relative Decline 绝对衰退和相对衰退，是相对而言。英国经济其实一直在不断发展中，但因其他国家发展速度较之英国更快，所以英国的经济才显得相对衰退。;2． Economic story after World War II;;※ Shipping was the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy. Ninety-nine per cent of the trade in and out of the country went by ship- and over half of it in British ships. Shipping was also a significant British success story. It earned over ￡1,000 million a year in foreign exchange earnings: without the merchant fleet, the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit, despite North Sea oil. Now it was greatly threatened by other countries. ※ Today Britain has discovered 50 oil fields in the North Sea, with a reserve of 2.2 billion tons. Production began in the second half of 1975 and went up gradually. In 1976 production of crude oil reached 52.8 million tons. It was estimated that by 1980 pro