非谓语特殊用法.pptVIP

Non-finite Verb (2);一 不定式;;注意：1 不定式的进行时态常用在appear, happen, pretend, seem等动词后。也表将来。 He pretended to be sleeping when I came in. 2.不定式的完成式常用在appear,consider,believe,hope,pretend, seem等表示看法与想法的动词后。此结构有时也可用it作形式主语的结构代替。 He seems to have bought the book. = It seems that he has bought the book.;3 动词expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish等的过去式加不定式的完成式，或他们的过去完成式加不定式的一般式，都表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划。 I hoped to have finished the work earlier. I have intended to call you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.;for sb. to do sth. 在句中的作用;3 作表语 What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly. 4 作定于 He is an example for us to follow. 5 作状语 I sent some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.;二 动名词;;（ 一） 动名词的复合结构 动名词复合结构的一般规则是： 1 逻辑主语是有生命的名词时，必须用名词或代词的所有格；作宾语（尤其是在口语中），也可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。 Tom’s( His) coming is what we have expected. She didn’t mind Jack/ (Jack’s) / his (him) coming late. 2 逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。 Is there any hope of our team winning the match? 3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词时，只用普通格。 She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.;4 逻辑主语是以s结尾的名词，或是由一个以上的名词构成的词组时，用普通格。 I never heard of a person of character doing such a thing. It was quite unexpected the students finishing the exam so soon. 二） 动名词和不定式在意义上的区别。 1 动名词表示一般的习惯、抽象概念，或已成为过去的动作；不定式表示的往往是具体的或特定动作，也可以表示现在或将来的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous.(指具体动作） ;2 两者在句中都可以作主语，但在下列句型中常用-ing 形式 no use/good It is/was not any use/good +doing sth of little use/good useless It is of little good staying up too late every day.;独立主格结构;1.The guest having left, she began to take a short rest. 2.The exam to be held tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to the cinema tonight. 3.He entered the room, his nose red with snow. 4.The children came running towards us ,flowers in their hand.