翻译原文(公交车投币监测系统的研究).docVIP

Application of Electromagnetic Material Sensor BostonRonald W. GamacheO Electromagnetic Material Properties Sensor Abstract Recent research conducted by the author has shown that electromagnetic sensors can be utilized to determine selected properties of heterogeneous material mixtures containing water by observing the manifestations of surface polarization effects that occur in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, the density and water content of engineering soils can be determined non-invasively using this method. Especially challenging is the design of electromagnetic sensors that do not require penetrating probes to perform the measurement. Probe deployment is time consuming and subject to technical and operator error sources. Surface measuring sensors, however, may be physically large and subject to material surface effects (flatness and roughness). In addition, sensors that measure from the surface sample the measurement volume non- uniformly, with the greatest sensitivity being near the surface. Therefore, if the measured property exhibits a significant variation with depth, the sensor must measure this variation in order to produce an accurate measurement. Finally, the large size of the sensors, combined with the required operating frequency range, may introduce undesirable resonance and transmission line effects that can render the sensor non-functional in critical frequency ranges. Prior to the availability of multiphysics finite element (FEM) or finite difference (FD) modeling tools and sufficient desktop computer horsepower, sensor design was conducted using ad-hoc trial and error methods. Cost of development and time to market were high and results were generally far from optimum. To properly model an electromagnetic sensor for soil density measurement, full electromagnetic modes plus coupled heat transfer were required. As the sensor geometry generally consists of elements with very large aspect ratios, cha