PartVOptics第五部光学.pptVIP

GOT IT 懂嗎 ? 30.2. The glass prism in figure has n = 1.5 and is surrounded by air ( n = 1 ). 圖中的玻璃棱鏡 n = 1.5 ，其外四周是空氣 ( n = 1 ) 。 What would happen to the incident light ray if the prism is imersed in water ( n = 1.333 )? 如果把棱鏡沈在水 ( n = 1.333 ) 中，光入射後會怎樣？ Most of it emerges into the water at the diagonal interface; with only a small part still reflected. 大部份在斜面處進入水中；小部份依舊反射 Application: Optical Fibre 應用：光纖 Typical fibre: glass core of d = 8 ?m, cladded by smaller n glass. 典型的光纖：核心玻璃 d = 8 ?m ，外包以 n 較小的玻璃。 total internal reflection 全反射 Typical transmission ~ km. 典型的傳送 ~ 公里。 SemiC laser 半導體雷射 : ? = 850, 1350, 1550 nm Required bandwidths 需用頻寬 : Audio 語音 : kHz TV 電視 : 6 Mhz Microwave freq 微波的頻率 : 1010 Hz Light freq 光的頻率 : 1014 Hz 30.4. Dispersion 色散 Dispersion separates the colors in white light, with shorter- wavelength violet experiencing the greatest refraction. 色散把白光中的顏色分開，較短波長的紫光的折射較強。 v depends on ? ? n depends on ? : dispersion v 與 ? 有關 ? n 與 ? 有關 : 色散 Application: Rainbow 應用：彩虹 Double rainbow and supernumerary rainbows on the inside of the primary arc. 雙層彩虹和在主弦內的多餘彩虹。 The shadow of the photographers head marks the centre of the rainbow circle (antisolar point). 攝影師的頭的影子就是彩虹圓圈的中點 (背日(光)點)。 The primary rainbow results from total reflection in raindrops that concentrates light at approximately 42° deflection. 主彩虹源於雨滴內的全反射把光集中於42°反射角。 Dispersion separates wavelengths slightly, resulting in the rainbow’s colors. 色散把波長稍為分開，做成彩虹的色彩。 The rainbow is a circular arc located at 42 ° from the line that connects the Sun, the observer, and the center of the arc. 彩虹是一個圓形的弧，與連接太陽，觀察者，和弧心的直線的張角為 42 ° 。 Light rays enter a raindrop from one direction (typically a straight line from the Sun), reflect off the back of the raindrop, and fan out as they leave the raindrop. 光線從一方進入雨點 (通常是從太陽來的直線) ，在雨點後方反射，離開雨點時散開。 The light leaving the rainbow is spread over a wide angle, with a maximum intensity at 40.89–42°. 光離開彩虹時