英语语法 被动语态课件.pptVIP

被动语态;目录;一.构成;;2 情态动词的被动语态;3 祈使句的被动态;二 被动语态的使用要点;;3.某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义，常见的这类词有： bake, owe(欠), brew, cook, print, bind(绑), do等。 eg. The meat is cooking. The tea is brewing. A new film is showing in town. 4.词组动词的被动态 （1）一般词组动词的被动态 词组动词有三种基本形式，即“动词+介词”、“动词+副词小品词”、“动词+副词小品词+介词”，当它们用作及物动词时，一般可以变为被动态。这时，词组动词应视为一个单词及物动词，其后的介词或副词小品词不可略去。 eg. a)动词+介词,如look after ,look into, talk about: The children are well looked after. b)动词+副词小品词,如set up, put off, bring about: The sports meet is to be put off. c)动词+副词小品词+介词,如do away with, face up to, put up with: That sort of thing should be done away with. ;(2)”动词+名词+介词”的被动态 这类词有take care of, make a mess of, pay attention to等。这类词组动词由主动态换为被动态时通常有两种形式，一种是把整个词组动词当做一个及物动词处理。 eg. He took great care of his books. His books were taken great care of. 第二种形式是把词组动词看做“动词+宾语+介词词组”结构处理 eg. He took great care of his books. Great care was taken of his books. 注意：采用第二种时要把整个介词词组放到被动语态的后面。 eg. They had made a mess of the house.（主动句） The house had been made a mess of .（被动句，第一种形式） A mess had been made of the house.（被动句，第二种形式） ;注：不及物动词构成的短语动词能否用于被动语态;She was much looked up to for her kindnesses.他因多行善事而受人尊敬。3）pay attention to，take care of等短语动词可以有两种被动语态形式。The situation has been paid attention to.Attentions have been paid to the situation.5主动形式表示被动意义的词1)某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如:look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。2）某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加副词）也可以表示被动意义，如： wash,write,smell,read,open,cut,lock,peel,pack,paly,shut,spot,split等。This type of recorder sells well.这种型号的录音机销路很好。;比较：The box does not lock.这个箱子锁不上。（箱子本身的性质）The box was not locked.（箱子当时的状态）;6.被动语态结构和系表结构的比较;4）一般现在时的“be+过去分词”为系表结构，因为被动语态不常用一般现在时（只有表示经常性.习惯性或多次重复的动作，或讲述科学真理时才用一般现在时被动语态）。比较：;;7不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省 在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不带to，但在被动语态中要带to。例如： I saw her pass by the window. She was seen to pass by the window. The boss made Jim work