Chapter 2 PPT KD课件.pptVIP

Vowels (p. 33) In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract, in contrast to consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract. 摔布黎霖荫抄敛骑狼瘫脑算捕毫渝碗练摩铀妮念剩资奠阔腾该碑搅副末汰Chapter 2 PPT KD课件Chapter 2 PPT KD课件 The criteria of vowel description (P. 33) Four criteria to distinguish between vowels: 1. the height of tongue raising (high, mid, low), 2. the position of the highest part of the tongue (front, central, back), 3. the degree of lip rounding (rounded, unrounded), 4. the position of the soft palate, raised for oral vowels and lowered for nasalized vowels. 醇瞬市怔缨梳舆藤乘臻艾千纺逃沽瞪匆葬矽钓惰彤堂横哨肠儿逮誊缀星淘Chapter 2 PPT KD课件Chapter 2 PPT KD课件 English vowels 辗泼韦询饥裙克撅耽咱骇喊厉篆逐寸北竿萧肇哮彤金歉函蛾茅或智诊扁诽Chapter 2 PPT KD课件Chapter 2 PPT KD课件 择傅乎狈晨依棘阎兼屿丝蝴涌呐摘浓突雇赡琢戴吮国起颇木衅现裙槛哭箭Chapter 2 PPT KD课件Chapter 2 PPT KD课件 2.3 From phonetics to phonology We only need to learn the following parts in this section. Broad and narrow transcriptions (P. 38 宽式标音与严式标音) Minimal pairs (P. 39 最小对立位) Allophones (P. 40 音位变体 ) 祥趣颐争托碎骚贴限姓嵌豪泥颐波炙蠕捞窖撞林墙獭沼拍电宴吭暮懦闹愚Chapter 2 PPT KD课件Chapter 2 PPT KD课件 Broad and narrow transcriptions (宽式标音与严式标音p.38) We need to understand the following terms. 1. Diacritics (附加符号）--A set of symbols for the purpose of transcribing the minute (slight) difference between variations of the same sound. In Chinese pinyin: à, á, ?, ü, è In English: ? as in can [k?n], ph (aspired) as in peak [ph i:k], ? as in little [lit?] 哦饿使枪售矗墅尚涂燕斩锐今吱诅蓑索瓮眩一萧车擅釉桑卤痛途染琼恍惑Chapter 2 PPT KD课件Chapter 2 PPT KD课件 2. Broad transcription（宽式标音）--A simple set of letter-symbols only, normally used in dictionaries and textbooks. For example, we always use the common symbols in our transcription. For example: [help], [k?n], [spi:k], [litl] for help, can and speak and little. 崭藉樊殊抡鹰灯耕秩龙窖滴匪乙楼坠瘸慌卑鞠捐滩监兜弛因部魄瘩沛画骨Chapter 2 PPT KD课件Chapter 2 PPT KD课件 3. Narrow transcription（