Chapter 4 -Li- The movement of substances across cell membranes课件.pptVIP

Chapter 5;A motor neuron cell body in the spinal cord. (A) Many thousands of nerve terminals synapse on the cell body and dendrites. These deliver signals from other parts of the organism to control the firing of action potentials along the single axon of this large cell. (B) Micrograph showing a nerve cell body and its dendrites stained with a fluorescent antibody that recognizes a cytoskeletal protein (green). Thousands of axon terminals (red) from other nerve cells (not visible) make synapses on the cell body and dendrites; they are stained with a fluorescent antibody that recognizes a protein in synaptic vesicles. ;1. Principles of membrane transport;;;C. The energetics of solute movement:;D.  Transport processes within an eukaryotic cell ;2. Passive transport and active transport;;B. Two classes of membrane transport proteins ;Figure?11-8?Three types of carrier-mediated transport.????The schematic diagram shows carrier proteins functioning as uniports, symports, and antiports. ;Carrier proteins bind one or more solute molecules on one side of the membrane and then undergo a conformational change that transfer the solute to the other side of the membrane.;The carrier protein, the Glucose transporter (GluT1 ) in the erythrocyte PM, alter conformation to facilitate the transport of glucose.;Most of the channel proteins are ion channels, including three types, with ion channels that they can be opened and closed ;;电压门控离子通道：铰链细胞失水;3. Active transport: Carrier protein-mediated movement up the gradient;B. Cells carry out active transport in three main ways;C. Direct active transport depends on four types of transport ATPases;The Na+-K+ ATPase ---A coupling active transport to ATP hydrolysis. ;The active transport of Na+/K+ ATPase is used to maintain electrochemical ion gradients, and thereby maintain cell’s excitability.;A Model Mechanism for the Na+/K+ ATPase;Other P-type punps: including H+ and Ca+ ATPases, and H+/K+ ATPases;The V-type