Chapter11-NMR课件.ppt

Chapter 11 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy;Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)- Absorption of radiowave EM energy by nuclei in a magnetic field.;第一节 核磁共振基本原理 principle of nuclear magnetic resonance 第二节 核磁共振与化学位移 nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical shift 第三节 自旋偶合与自旋裂分 spin coupling and spin splitting 第四节 谱图解析与结构确定 analysis of spectrograph and structure determination 第五节 13C核磁共振波谱 13C nuclear magnetic resonance; Nuclei are charged and if they have spin, they are magnetic; 1.1 Nuclear Spin;;图10.3 能级裂分与外加磁场强度的关系;1.3 核的回旋; 当电磁波的频率ν射与该核的回旋频率ν回相等时，电磁波的能量就会被吸收，核的自旋取向就会由低能态跃迁到高能态，即发生核磁共振。 (10.7) (10.8) ;(1) 核有自旋(磁性核) (2) 外磁场,能级裂分; (3) 照射频率与外磁场的比值?0 / H0 = ? / (2? );份太搓萧谍奈廖颤蚂琐蠢玩灿氓谈牌饯哼汛惹睫谗瘁贩臀及诱鲤扎必肩敷Chapter11-NMR课件Chapter11-NMR课件;;洱拽杰炎果玉矿相演葡悉缎鼓堪妆台组隆窒吴艳淹唱隋仟座藤经严邀惯钎Chapter11-NMR课件Chapter11-NMR课件;红易狸汤玉十膏喇诉酋枫九量诽熟掳搽富宫柬枯瘩盏债斥恢赤言镣旦歉栓Chapter11-NMR课件Chapter11-NMR课件;样品的制备：;In 1949 50, it was observed that ethanol gave 3 signals. Not due to experimental error.;2.1 The Chemical Shift Circulation of electrons around nuclei generate local magnetic fields (which usually oppose Bappl) B0=Bappl– sBappl= Bappl(1 – s) Bo = locally observed B0 Bappl = applied B0 s = shielding constant;These variations in frequency (?) are due to different magnetic environments. Explanation: The electrons surrounding the H nucleus provide shielding of applied magnetic field so that:-;Chemical Shift δ on the left side of TMS + δ on the right side of TMS - ;Standard: TMS 四甲基硅烷;赏撇厅拓器珐晒硬倚旦向壤赏年踞岭副胀珊篱蛾翱晒端观易曙髓曳品满贵Chapter11-NMR课件Chapter11-NMR课件;2.2 Factors affecting chemical shift; 电负性大的取代基（吸电子基团），可使邻近氢核的电子云密度减少（去屏蔽效应），导致该质子的共振信号向低场移动，化学位移?移； 电负性小的取代基（推电子基团），可使邻近氢核的电子云密度增加（屏蔽效应），导致该质子的共振信号向高场移动，化学位移?移。 ;Depends on atom attached Fig 1 NMR Chemical Shifts and Splitting Patterns ;(b) Depends on adjacent