Culture 国际商务 文化课件.pptVIP

DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE Cross-cultural literacy: an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way in which business is practiced. What is Culture? Culture: a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living. Values: abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right and desirable. Norms: the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. Society: a group of people who share a common set of values and norms. Values and Norms Values form the bedrock of a culture Provide the context within which a society’s norms are established and justified. Include a society’s attitudes toward concepts such as individual freedom, democracy, social obligations, etc. Values are invested with considerable emotional significance Norms are social rules that govern people’s actions toward one another. Can be subdivided into 2: folkways and mores. Folkways – the routine conventions of everyday life. Action of little moral significance Social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code, good social manners, etc. Define the way people are expected to behave. b) Mores – norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life Greater significance than folkways Violating mores can bring serious retribution Include factors as indictments against theft, adultery, incest and cannibalism. 2. Culture, Society and the Nation-State nation-state are political creations May contain a single culture or several cultures. Cannot characterize a country as having a single homogeneous culture. The national culture is a mosaic of subcultures. 3. The determinants of culture Social structure Religion Political philosophy Economic philosophy Education Language Social Structure A society’s “social structure” refers to its basic social organization. 2 dimensions when explaining differ