附件资助领域说明英文.docVIP

附件1-资助领域说明（英文） Scope of the Research Supported under this FOA This FOA will support studies in the following areas of allergy, immunology, and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS and its co-morbidities and co-infections, mental health, and selected neurological disorders. NIAID?-?Immunology (non-HIV/AIDS): Host immune response and/or regulation and/or immunopathogenesis of the inflammatory effector response to microbial and/or viral infection.? Additionally, studies that elucidate the underlying mechanisms that result in immune memory and protection in response to vaccination. Topics of interest relevant to immunity to infection and/or vaccination include, but are not limited to: Differentiation and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells and signaling pathways; Positive and negative regulation of inflammation; Mechanisms by which the innate immune system directs subsequent adaptive immune responses; Generation and maintenance of effector and memory antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes; Generation and maintenance of anti-viral effector innate lymphocytes; Regulation of differentiation and maintenance of effector and memory antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes; Migration of na?ve, memory and effector cells during the induction and effector phases of immune responses and their therapeutic modulation; Generation, differentiation and maintenance of tissue-resident antigen-specific lymphocytes; Responses of tissue-resident lymphocytes to microbial and/or viral infections; Regulation of antibody production and mechanisms of antibody-mediated protection Definition of biomarkers of protective immune responses; Characterization of innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses; Relationship between mucosal immunity and the development of, or protection from, autoimmune disease; Mechanisms of immune-mediated pathogenesis triggered by responses to microbial and/or viral infection; Effect of viral and microbial infections, and environmental pollutants on systemic/region