英语的构词：转化、派生与合成.ppt

英语的构词：转化、派生与合成 (一) 转化是由一种词类转化成另一种词类。 e.g. 1. Let us have a try. ( try v. → n. ) 2. Please hand in your paper. ( hand n. → v. ) 3. The crow emptied a bottle of water. ( empty adj. → v. ) 4. The girl in blue is my daughter. ( blue adj. → n. ) (二) 派生是由词根加词缀组成的新词。其中词缀有前缀、后缀两种。 1. 前缀post- (1) 表示 “在后面” postage n. 邮资 post office n. 邮局 postcard n. 明信片 postal a. 邮政的 poster n. 海报, 招贴画 2. 前缀sub- (1) 表示 “在下面, 次一等, 副手” subtitle n. 副标题 subside v. 下陷,平息 (2) 表示 “接近, 靠近” subcentral a. 接近中心的 subadult a. 接近成年的 subacid a. 略酸的 3. 前缀over- (1) 表示 “过度,过分” overstudy n. 用功过度 overwork n. 过度劳累 overdose n. 用药过量 (2) 表示 “在……之上” overlook v. 俯视,疏忽 overlap v. / n. 重叠 overwhelm v. 压倒,泛滥 (3) 表示 “翻转” overturn n. 颠覆 overthrow n. 推翻 overhaul n. 彻底检修 4. 前缀up- 表示 “向上, 在上” upward, uphold, uphill 5. 前缀under- 表示 “在 …… 下面, 下面的” underline, underground, underwater 6. 后缀 -fy 表示 “使……化 , 使……成” beautify, purify, signify, simplify 7. 后缀-dom表示 “等级, 领域, 状态” kingdom, freedom, wisdom (三) 合成是两个或两个以上的词合成一个词。 1. lifelong, worldwide, exam-oriented, new-born, well-known, three-legged, heartbroken, easygoing, soft-spoken, narrow-minded, seasick ... 2. weekend, railway, playground, greenhouse, passer-by, brother-in-law, grown-up, breakdown ... 3. half-hibernate, air-drop ... 4. myself, anyone, somebody ... Exercises 1. That man was _______ enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A. care　 　 ?? B. careful　　??? C. careless　　?? D. carelessness 2. The soldier died for savin