肾结石检查（Renal stone examination）.docVIP

肾结石检查（Renal stone examination） Laboratory examination: 1. urinalysis can be divided into general examination and special examination. (1) general examination mainly for urine: it includes pH, relative density (specific gravity), red blood cell, pus cells, protein, sugar, crystal, stone can be found in the urine of patients with hematuria, urinary crystals and pus cells, urine pH value usually indicates some type of stone: calcium phosphate pH, urinary calculi were often carbapatite value higher than 7; while the pH urine uric acid, cystine and calcium oxalate stones were often value less than 5.5, visible or microscopic hematuria hematuria, but 15% patients without hematuria, in non infectious stones, may have mild pyuria. (2) special inspections include: The urine crystals should check: take fresh urine samples, such as benzene saw cystine crystal may have cystine stones; such as uric acid crystals found in urine, often prompts uric acid stones may find the envelope; kind of crystals may be two water calcium oxalate stone coffin lid is like crystal; magnesium ammonium phosphate crystal; sulfa drugs in suspected patients with urinary calculi will find sulfanilamide. Urine bacterial culture: colony 105/ml is positive, drug sensitivity test can understand the most effective antibiotics, urine culture, such as for the production of urea bacteria, there is the possibility of infection stones. 24h urine test: the urine of 24h should be collected correctly, and the urine measurement should be accurate. The contents of the test include: 24h, urine calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, citric acid, uric acid, oxalic acid, cystine, etc.. 2. blood biochemical examination (1) normal adult serum calcium was 2.13 ~ 2.6mmol/L (8.5 ~ 10.4mg/dl), inorganic phosphorus was 0.87 ~ 1.45mmol/L (2.7 ~ 4.5mg/dl), primary hyperparathyroidism patients serum calcium is higher than the normal value, often in 2.75mmol/L (11mg/dl), and accompanied by serum free phosphorus reduction machine. (2) the s