前置词和介词短语.ppt

语法专项提升;表进行意义的四类介词短语 (1)at＋名词 He was at dinner when I came.我来时他正在吃饭。 She stayed at work when everybody else had gone home. 别人都回家了，她却还在工作。 类似的还有： at work在办公　　　　　　at play在玩耍 at lunch在吃中饭 at rest在休息 at table在吃饭 at school在上学; at church在做礼拜 at peace和平时期 at press正在排印 有些结构可能带有冠词或物主代词： at one’s meals在吃饭 at one’s study在学习 at the piano在弹钢琴 at the end (of)在结束时 at the desk在读书;(2)in＋名词 He is in the army.他正在当兵。 He’s been in politics all his life.他一生从政。 Her husband was in business.她丈夫是经商的。 He looks tired.He is in need of a rest. 他看起来很累了，需要休息一会儿。 类似的还有： in action在运转 in progress在进行 in operation在运行中 有些结构可能带有冠词： in the course of在……过程中 in the act of正在做……时;(3)on＋名词 Are you here on business or for pleasure? 你是来办事还是来玩？ The typist is away on holiday this week.打字员本周休假。 The man on watch didn’t notice the danger. 值班的人没有注意到这危险。 类似的还有： on guard在值勤 on leave在休假 on holiday在度假 on strike在罢工 on sale出售 on loan借贷; 有些结构带有冠词： on the march在行军 on the watch注意，提防 on the increase正在增加 on the go正在活动，正在奔走 on the air正在广播; (4)under＋名词(名词前有时有冠词修饰) Don’t worry.Everything is under control. 别担心，一切都在控制之中。 That has no relation to the matter under discussion. 这和讨论的问题没有关系。;类似的还有： under development在发展中 under observation在观察中 under test在被测试 under construction在建设中 under fire在炮火中 under examination在检查(调查)中 under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中 ;原因介词because of，due to，thanks to because of因为，由于，通常作状语，位于句首或句尾。 due to由于，因为，通常作表语。 thanks to幸亏，多亏，既可用于褒义，又可用于贬义，多用于句首。 The sports meeting will be put off till next Saturday because of the heavy rain.由于大雨这次运动会将推迟到下星期六举行。 His illness was due to smoking and drinking. 他的病是由于吸烟喝酒引起的。;for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 (1)It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.＝sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用of。常见的形容词有kind，good，nice，clever，stupid，foolish，considerate，polite，impolite，cruel等。 It is kind of the teachers to help support the poor students. ＝The teachers are kind to help support the poor students. 去帮助支持贫困的学生，这种老师真好。; (2)It is＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth. 当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有important，necessary，possible