功能性食品工艺设计（二）.doc

功能性食品工艺设计（二） —功能性食品的概述与分类 一、功能性食品的定义 我国定义：功能食品是指具有营养功能、感觉功能和调节生理活动功能的食品。 通过查找相关文献，查阅功能食品的定义： Globally, ‘Functional Food’ is not a legal term and there are various ways to define it. 在全球，‘功能性食品’不是一个法定的术语。[1-16] The term ‘Functional Foods’ was first introduced in Japan in the mid-1980s as‘processed foods containing components that provide specific body functions’, when the Japanese Ministry of Health Welfare was hoping to improve the health of the Japanese ageing population and reduce escalating health-care costs (Arai, 1996). 功能性食品这个术语第一次被提出是在八十年代中期的日本，被认为是一类包含着能够提供特定生理功能因子的精加工食品”。[3][9][12] China defined a functional food as ‘a food that is suitable for consumption by special groups of people, and has special health functions of regulating human body functions but is not used for therapeutic purposes’(Ministry of Heath, 1996). 中国定义功能性食品是‘一类适合于特殊人群消费的，有特定健康功能的，能够调节人体生理功能的食品，但是不以治疗为目的’。[5][2] In the United States, ‘Functional Foods’ have no such regulatory identity, although in 1999, the American Dietetic Association termed ‘Functional Foods’ as ‘foods that are in the forms of whole,fortified, enriched or enhanced foods that provide functional advantage and ?or health benefits beyond basic nutrition, when consumed at an effective level on a regular basis’ (American Dietetic Association, 1999).在美国，‘功能性食品’没有如此一致性的定义，但是在1999年，美国饮食协会定义‘功能性食品’是‘一类以全面的、强化的、丰富的或者增强型食品的方式存在，并且能够提供有益功能的食品，比普通营养品更有益健康，同时其消费量比普通水平更高’。[10-12] In Japan, the ‘Functional Foods’ are known as Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU), and are regarded as influencing human body structure and ?or function by regulating particular human health conditions (Ohama et al., 2006). 在日本，功能性食品被认为是指一类可以提供特定健康功能的食品，并且它通过调节人类特别的健康状况影响着人类的身体结构和功能。[8-13] In Korea, ‘Functional Foods’ are referred to supplements to the normal diet with measurable doses (Kimet al., 2006).在韩国，‘功能性食品’被提及到是用来为正常饮食提供营养补充的食品，并且其营养补充功能是可以被测量到的。[11-12] Health Canada defines a ‘Functional Food’ as ‘similar in appearance to a conventi