线性代数-长荣大学.PDFVIP

線性代數 Linear Algebra Part 4 ：特徵值與特徵向量 長榮大學 科工系 106 級 姓名 ： 學號 ： Textbook: 高等工程數學 (Advanced Engineering Mathematics) ，第 7版 ，Peter V. O’Neil 著 ，黃孟 槺譯 ，華泰文化總經銷，20 12 年5月初版 ，ISBN 978-1-285-10502-4 。 Chapter 8 Eigenvalues, Diagonalization, and Special Matrices (特徵值、對角線化及特殊矩陣) Suppose A is an × matrix of real numbers, and E is an n-vector and can be written as a column = . ⋮ Then AE is an × 1 matrix, which we may also think of as an n-vector. 可以將( A視為 在 n度空間中移動向量的一種運算子) Depending on A, the direction of AE will generally be different from that of E. It may happen, however, that for some vector E, AE and E are parallel. In this event, there is a number such that = . Then is called an eigenvalue (特徵值) of A, with E an associate eigenvector (特徵向量). (對任意方陣 A 而言，當存在一向量 E ，使得 = ，則稱 為A的一個特徵值 ，且稱E 為對應於該特徵值之特徵向量) 8.1 Eigenvalues (特徵值) and Eigenvectors (特徵向量) Let A be an × matrix of real or complex numbers. ‧ 定義8.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors A real or number is an eigenvalue of A if there is a nonzero × 1 matrix (or vector) E such that